Thousands of homosexuals were imprisoned at the Voortrekkerhoogte military hospital near Pretoria. Beginning in 1983, UCLA research psychologists Michael Gitlin and Keith H. Nuechterlein went to great — and often unethical —lengths to study why and how people suffering from schizophrenia relapse. Harlow collected a group of monkeys ranging in age from three months to three years old. Dr. Kligman also reportedly injected 70 prisoners with dioxin, an extremely toxic chemical compound found in Agent Orange. Bandura had a percentage of his young test subjects watch an adult violently abuse Bobo both physically and verbally, then left each child alone in a room with the doll. At seven months old, David Peter Reimer’s penis was accidentally maimed during a routine circumcision. Though these are highly unethical experiments, it should be mentioned that they did pave the way to induct our current ethical standards of experiments, and that should be seen as a positive. In the experiment’s second phase, Watson introduced Little Albert to a white rat. Fortunately for those unwitting test subjects, Operation Midnight Climax was shut down in 1965. In 1955, the CIA experimented with whooping cough bacteria, which was released just outside of Tampa Bay, Florida. It was magisterially documented in a history of […]. Wendell Johnson, a psychologist at the University of Iowa, conducted an experiment about stuttering on 22 orphans. In 1965, Martin Seligman conducted an unethical experiment using dogs. He was later sued by some of the patients. Refusal to publish unethical studies also reinforces the primary importance of protecting the interests of research subjects above all other considerations in research. 5. The Hastings Center Report 8(6): 21-29. They also failed to protect those participating during the times in which they were studied. That is, until Watson began making loud noises with a steel bar anytime Albert touched the animal. Participants were often left with life-long cognitive disabilities. At first, Little Albert was exposed to a variety of sights and sounds, including rabbits, monkeys, burning newspaper, and masks of all sorts. The purpose of the operation was to study the effects of LSD on people, and so non-consenting individuals in San Francisco and New York were lured by CIA-paid prostitutes to safe houses, where they were slipped mind-altering substances like LSD, then monitored from behind one-way glass. The Pros and Cons of a Career in Forensic Psychology. There is some crossover on this list with the Top 10 Evil Human Experiments. Robbers Cave Experiments. According to the American Journal of Public Health and the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Hudson’s study was “unethical, because of both the powerlessness of the people who participated in it and the things done to them.”. On each participant’s way to their speech, however, an actor was put in place to feign severe distress and pain. From 1950 to 1960, children with cerebral palsy were left at this particular hospital, where doctors reportedly performed unnecessary spinal taps as well as experimentation with radiation on them. We think we’ve found 20 answers to that question with our list of the most unethical experiments in psychology. The important ethics in research that scientists must follow. This Princeton University experiment sought to test just how willing people are to do a good deed. For those who hesitated upon the direction to kill the rat, Landis decapitated the animal for them. Knowing full well that juvenile monkeys stay with their mothers for longer than most mammals, Harlow isolated his young test subjects in small, lonely chambers. Image SourceYale University social psychology professor Stanley Milgram embarked on his now infamous series of experiments in 1961. You can query multiple journals for sub… They began to enforce harsh measures and subjected their “prisoners” to various degrees of psychological torture. A 60 Minutes investigation uncovered unauthorized human experimentation done on institutionalized children at Sonoma State Hospital in northern California. Soon, however, they became much more unethical. At first, the psychologists’ experiments were relatively harmless. In 1997, Public Citizen's Health Research Group brought widespread international attention to unethical clinical trials. Learn about us. Then, Elliott treated those with blue eyes as a superior group, and cited fake scientific studies claiming those with blue eyes were better. This compensation does not influence our school rankings, resource guides, or other editorially-independent information published on this site. Some mixed various drugs, and were dead within a few weeks. Some attempted to escape, and broke limbs in the process. When Apartheid finally ended, Levin left South Africa to avoid being named an abuser of human rights. In 1939, 22 orphans living in Davenport, Iowa became the test subjects of Wendell Johnson and Mary Tudor, two researchers from the University of Iowa. If that’s surprising, perhaps it is even more surprising that many of the prisoners in the experiment simply accepted the abuses. According to this article, the US government exposed citizens of San Francisco with a gas they thought was harmless. 5 Best Online Ph.D. Here are 3 case examples of correlational research. Harvard professors injected 64 black prisoners with cow blood with absolutely no justification. Examples of Correlational Research. According to the article posted in TheScientist, Paolo Machiarini, a trachea surgeon, was one of the researchers that the authorities reported committing research misconduct. Submit your writing to be published on Thought Catalog. But this time, though each dog could have simply jumped the barrier to safety, none of them did. 3. Although the research was “very public,” his experiments were eventually condemned and exposed by Allen M. Hornblum, a former criminal justice official. The reason being: “The experiments were intended to show what type or amount of exposure would cause damage to normal people in a nuclear war.”. The site reported that while at the Karolinksa Institute, the said researcher conducted transplant experiments that resulted in the death of some participants. The test subject then read a series of questions to the actor. Instead, she split them into two groups: one group made up of students with brown eyes, and one group of those kids with blue eyes. Members of one group received positive speech therapy and was consistently praised for their speech fluency. Once each animal knew how to inject itself, they were essentially left alone with a large supply of drugs. Nazi experimental atrocities included investigation of quicker and more e… Twenty-four male students were randomly assigned the role of either guard or prisoner, and then set up according to their role in a specifically designed model prison located in the basement of the psychology building on Stanford’s campus. One researcher who attempted to replicate LaCour’s study was David Broockman, who upon doing so, wounded up unraveling a slew of research misconduct by Michael LaCour. After a short amount of time, the monkeys stopped playing and interacting, and two of them even starved themselves to death by refusing to eat. Humanity often pays a high price for progress and understanding — at least, that seems to be the case in many famous psychological experiments. Bandura’s experiment consisted of 72 primary-age children and a large inflatable doll named Bobo. Specifically, he wanted to know if everyone’s expressions of happiness, shock, disgust, etc. After a few weeks, she switched the groups. 1990s Unethical Experiments at Prestigious Academic Institutions August 1, 2015 1993 Kathryn Hamilton died 44 days after being enrolled in Protocol 681 at the Hutchinson Cancer Center in Seattle Siix days later, Hamilton’s doctors submitted the journal article documenting what they had known for more than a year: The primary rescue drug didn’t work. In the end, children in the second group who spoke normally before the experiment developed speech problems that they reportedly retained for the rest of their lives. 1978. Freud continued to “treat” Emma for three years, and exactly what his intentions were with the young woman remain unclear to this day. Any child who moved with the pressure, asserted Dr. Bender, was showing early signs of schizophrenia. Over the next decade, Operation Midnight Climax provided the government with extensive knowledge on topics such as mind-altering drugs, surveillance technology, and even sexual blackmail. For each trial, selected information sources are provided. Dr. Kligman, famous for his acne-treatment cream, Retin-A, had experimented it on the prisoners before releasing it for mass consumption. US Army doctors also reportedly withheld food to induce vitamin B1 deficiencies, called Beriberi. Specifically, the two doctors wanted to find out if it was possible to predict psychosis. It’s unethical as it wastes the time of journal reviewers, publication resources, and renders no benefit to humanity or scientific community. He emigrated to Canada and currently works in a teaching hospital. The experiment involved inviting 40 students to give a speech about what it means to be a Good Samaritan. While the experiment has proven controversial for its use of children who were unaware they had become test subjects, the end result was one large group of boys who all got along. The Stanford Prison Experiment, perhaps one of the most famous experiments ever conducted, took place in August of 1971. injected men, women and children, totaling 146 patients, with syphilis. Fortunately, Project MKUltra was ultimately shut down by Congress. How far is too far, if the result means a better understanding of the human mind and behavior? 13. Some such stimuli included pornography, ammonia, touching reptiles, and beheading rats, the latter of which ultimately changed the experiment into something that resembled the Milgram Experiment. In the experiment’s second phase, Watson introduced Little Albert to a white rat. MKULTRA started in the early 50s by the CIA. The best-known examples include the Tuskegee syphilis study, the Willowbrook hepatitis experiments and the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital case. The other group received negative speech therapy, which included being belittled for any speech imperfection they happened to make. They began to enforce harsh measures and subjected their “prisoners” to various degrees of psychological torture. One-third of the participants willingly beheaded the rat when told, despite the fact they did not know how to do such a thing humanely. For a percentage of the participants, the actor even acted as if they were part of an extreme emergency, such as a heart attack. But, bear in mind! In 1924, University of Minnesota psychologist Carney Landis began an experiment to study common facial expressions. Dr. Lauretta Bender of the Creedmore Hospital in New York spent much of the 1960s subjecting young children to electroshock therapy. 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